منابع مشابه
the role of russia in transmission of energy from central asia and caucuses to european union
پس ازفروپاشی شوروی،رشد منابع نفت و گاز، آسیای میانه و قفقاز را در یک بازی ژئوپلتیکی انرژی قرار داده است. با در نظر گرفتن این منابع هیدروکربنی، این منطقه به یک میدانجنگ و رقابت تجاری برای بازی های ژئوپلتیکی قدرت های بزرگ جهانی تبدیل شده است. روسیه منطقه را به عنوان حیات خلوت خود تلقی نموده و علاقمند به حفظ حضورش می باشد تا همانند گذشته گاز طبیعی را به وسیله خط لوله مرکزی دریافت و به عنوان یک واس...
15 صفحه اولCarbon cost of collective farming collapse in Russia.
The collapse of collective farming in Russia after 1990 and the subsequent economic crisis led to the abandonment of more than 45 million ha of arable lands (23% of the agricultural area). This was the most widespread and abrupt land use change in the 20th century in the northern hemisphere. The withdrawal of land area from cultivation led to several benefits including carbon (C) sequestration....
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Introduction This paper has two purposes. One is to examine the effect of soft budget constraints (SBC) on economies in transition from centralization to capitalism. The other is to survey our understanding of SBC more generally. Of course, this latter aim is also pertinent to the former. Current work on SBC follows in the tradition of the famous debate in the late 1930s and early 1940s on mark...
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File sharing service is a fundamental module for many modern collaboration and communication services. The traditional server/client repository model of file sharing has been widely used in many systems, but when it comes to fully decentralized systems, a decentralized file sharing service is also greatly needed. In this paper, we have selected three different protocols, SSH File Transfer Proto...
متن کاملFrom Current-Day Russia to Porfirio’s Mexico
James A. Robinson is associate professor of political science at the University of California, Berkeley. Recent publications include the co-authored articles “Reversal of Fortune: Geography and Institutions in the Making of the Modern World Income Distribution,” Quarterly Journal of Economics 118; “A Theory of Political Transitions,” American Economic Review 91; and “Inefficient Redistribution,...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University (History and Political Science)
سال: 2018
ISSN: 2310-676X
DOI: 10.18384/2310-676x-2018-5-285-295